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Selecting and applying optoelectronic protective devices
4.2.1 Selecting and applying optoelectronic protective devices
In the following it is assumed that a risk assessment, e.g. in accordance with EN ISO 12100‑1, has been performed (see Chapter 2.3, or 3.3 page 28) and an optoelectronic protective device has been selected as a measure for minimizing risk.
General safety notes:
- Optoelectronic protective devices do not protect against injuries caused by projected (thrown out) objects or emissions from the machine.
- The machine must allow the dangerous movement to be stopped at any point of the workflow cycle.
- Optoelectronic protective devices must be mounted in such a way that reaching into/access to the point of operation is only possible through the protective field. Reaching over, under or stepping behind must be prevented by additional protective devices (e.g. hard guards, chapter 4.3, page 43).
- With point of operation guarding (finger and hand protection) and danger zone guarding, people may not enter or be present in the danger zone undetected. Additional protective devices may need to be provided, e.g. stepping behind protection with a host/guest light curtain, for example.
- The safety distance from the protective device to the point of operation must be big enough that the dangerous movement will have stopped before a part of the person’s body can reach the point of operation (see chapter 4.2.1 step 4, page 37).
- Reflective surfaces near optoelectronic protective devices can cause objects not to be detected because of the protective device’s beams being reflected. An appropriate minimum distance according to the operating instructions must be observed to prevent this.
Step 1: Perform risk assessment e.g. in accordance with EN ISO 12100 1
| Protective function | Application | Leuze electronic products | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Machine stop with hand or finger detection | With small operator distance to the danger zone, e.g. with feeding-in work at a press | Safety Light Curtains, Safety Laser Scanners (-E model) |
| Machine stop with detection of person accessing the danger zone | With accessible danger zones and bigger distance to the danger zone | Single Light Beam and Multiple Light Beam Safety Devices, Safety Laser Scanners (‑E model), Safety Switches and Safety Locking Devices (in combination with hard guards) |
| Machine stop with detection of person accessing the danger zone and prevention of the restart with constant presence detection. | Safeguarding danger zone at (accessible) feeding-in areas of machines or guarding driveways on driverless transport systems | Safety Laser Scanners Safety Light Curtains (installed at an angle or horizontal) Light curtains in host/guest configuration |
| AOPD type according to IEC / EN / UL 61496 | Functional safety (control reliability) of AOPDs in accordance with IEC / EN / UL 61496 and requirements for the effectiveness and frequency of the error detection |
|---|---|
| Type 2 | A type 2 AOPD shall have means for a periodic test. A loss of the protective function between the tests is possible if a fault occurs. A fault shall be detected
|
| Type 3 (Only defined for Safety Laser Scanners) | Despite a single fault the protective function of a type 3 AOPD is maintained. An accumulation of faults can lead to loss of the safety function. A single fault that causes the loss of the detection capability shall be detected
A single fault that impairs the detection capability shall be detected within the time specified in the relevant part of EN IEC 61496 (5 seconds for Safety Laser Scanners). With the non-detection of the first fault, a second fault may not result in the loss of the protective function. |
| Type 4 | With the occurrence of several faults the protective function of a type 4 AOPD is also maintained. A single fault that causes the loss of the sensor detection capacity shall be detected
A single fault that impairs the response time or the switching off capacity of one of the AOPD outputs shall result in the AOPD outputs being switched off either
|
Table 4.2.1-1: Types and functional safety (control reliability) of electro-sensitive protective equipment in accordance with EN IEC 61496 and UL 61496.
IEC TS 62046 recommends across the board:
| With low risk: | Type 2 AOPD and higher |
| With medium risk: | Type 3 AOPD (Safety Laser Scanners) or type 4 Safety Light Curtains |
| With high risk: | Type 4 AOPD |
Risk parameters:
| S | Seriousness of injury |
| S1 | Minor (usually reversible) injury |
| S2 | Serious (usually irreversible injury including death) |
| F | Frequency and/or duration of the exposure to the hazard |
| F1 | Seldom to not very frequent and/or exposure to hazard is brief |
| F2 | Frequent to continuous and/or exposure to hazard is long |
| P | Possibility of preventing the hazard or limiting the harm |
| P1 | Possible under certain conditions |
| P2 | Not really possible |
Fig. 4.2.1-1: Help with selecting point of operation guarding (with hand or finger detection)
Fig. 4.2.1-2: Help with selecting danger zone guarding
Fig. 4.2.1-3: Help with selecting access guarding
| S = (K x T) + C | |
|---|---|
| S | The minimum safety distance in millimeters from the next point of operation to the detection point (protective field) of the protective device. An "S" of 100 mm must be observed regardless of the calculated value. |
| K | Approach speed in millimeters per second, derived from data of the approach speeds of the body and body parts. Speed (lower limbs): K = 1600 mm/s Speed (upper limbs): K = 2000 mm/s |
| T | Stopping time of the entire system (protective device response time + interface response time + machine stopping time) in seconds (IEC TS 62046 requires at least an additional 10 % on top of the determined stopping time to allow for possible deteriorations). |
| C | An additional distance in millimeters. This additionally added distance is based on the fact that, depending on the resolution of the protective device, a body part can get a certain distance closer to points of operation before it is detected by the protective device. |
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